Hydraulic winch systems can use accumulators and passive heave compensation to form a semi-active system with both an active and a passive component. The achieved improvement in harmonic measurement accuracy that can be obtained with the proposed technique was quantified in terms of total vector error (TVE), which is capable of taking into account both ratio error and phase displacement simultaneously. The
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will also be available for a limited time. Therefore, it represents a polynomial equation that can be numerically solved to compute I1,e(1), namely an estimate of the corresponding fundamental primary current. Accuracy then depends on the forces on the system, and thus the shape of the waves more than the size of the waves.
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Under this assumption, I2,NL(m) is the result of HD, and hence it is a function fm of the fundamental primary current I1(1) that changes according to the i was reading this secondary side harmonic order m. The proposed techniques were employed to reconstruct the primary current harmonics from the secondary current spectrum. For this purpose, let us consider (4) with m 2 and a finite degree D:
where denotes the integer part function. Harmonic phases have uniform distributions between and .
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The purpose of AHC is to keep a load, held by equipment on a moving vessel, motionless with regard to the seabed or another vessel. Z. In principle, they can be mitigated through a specific design of the CT [20] or by adopting signal processing techniques that enable significantly more accurate harmonic measurements. Similar to the case of CTs, also the metrological performance of conventional voltage transformers (VTs) employed for harmonic measurement is strictly related to their dynamic and nonlinear behavior [23]. T.
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document. Control technology advancements in recent years are allowing AHC to become more standardized and available for applications where cost and simplicity are significant. For this reason, it is interesting to plot the obtained NRMSE values as a function of |I2(1)|. The proposed HD compensation technique was also tested on a second inductive current transformer CT2, still characterized by 50 Hz rated frequency but having different specifications, which are summarized in Table 4.
The case study presented in this paper demonstrates the their explanation of the power source,the load and the AC distribution system as regards power quality.
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First, the coefficient vectors Km and Hm must be estimated for each degree. 95th percentile values of TVE achieved with HD compensation degrees from 1 to 11; transformer CT2, class E2 of primary current waveforms. 17%, while its mean value from 0. Not applicable.
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The 11th order methods result in a plateau for currents between 40% and 120% of the rated value. However, (weak) nonlinearities are also present even when the core operates well below saturation [20,21]; their impact is significant as long as the measurement of low-order harmonics is concerned. The main reason is often visit homepage to be the bandwidth limitation [16] due to the dynamics of the CT; techniques aimed at compensating its frequency response can be found in the literature [17,18,19]. Primary and secondary currents were measured with two high-precision, class 0. and M.
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According to the procedure described in Section 2, this requires applying a proper set of primary quasi-sinusoidal multisine current waveforms having a 50 Hz frequency, resembling those that can be found during regular operation; the fundamental amplitudes shall span the whole measurement range of the CT. .